Sumatra
Sumatra is home to a rich diversity of Nepenthes species, rivaling even Borneo in terms of endemism and ecological variety. The island hosts both lowland and highland species, with many of the highland types being endemic to its mountainous regions.
One notable species is Nepenthes sumatrana, which is critically endangered and restricted to the low hills around Sibolga in North Sumatra. It thrives on steep slopes and cliffs in dense forest but is highly sensitive to habitat disturbance, making it vulnerable to deforestation and land conversion.
N. sumatrana was first collected in 1856 and has undergone various taxonomic revisions, often being confused with or grouped under other species like N. maxima and N. treubiana before being recognized as distinct.
